Grammar Pattern Index
Adjective
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| Aのほうがadj.です。 | [A] no ho o ga [adj.] de su |  | A is more adjective. |
 |
Verb な Form +
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| ければなりません | ke re ba na ri ma se n | | must / have to |
|
| くてもいいです | ku te mo i i de su | | do(es)n't have to | |
Verb ない Form +
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| でください | de ku da sa i | | Don't |
|
| ほうがいいです | ho u ga i i de su | | had better not | |
Verb Stem Form +
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| ます | ma su | | No meaning  |
|
| ました | ma shi ta | | No meaning | |
| ません | ma se n | | do(es)n't | |
| ませんでした | ma se n de shi ta | | didn't | |
| たいです | ta i de su | | want to | |
| ために | ta me ni | | in order to | |
| ながら | na ga ra | | while (verb)ing | |
| ましょう | ma sho o | | Let's | |
| なさい | na sa i | | (Imperative form) | |
| な | na | | (Imperative form) | |
| すぎです | su gi de su | | (verb) too much | |
ます is used when you want to say a verb politely in the present tense.
ました is used when you want to say a verb politely in the past tense.
Verb Dictionary Form +
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| ことができます | ko to ga de ki ma su | | can | |
| ことができました | ko to ga de ki ma shi ta | | could | |
| ことが好（す）きです | ko to ga su ki de su | | like to | |
| のに [time] かかります | no ni [time] ka ka ri ma su | | It takes [time] to | |
| な | na | | Don't | |
Verb Conditional Form +
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| ば | ba | | if | |
| ます | ma su | | can | |
Verb て Form +
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| てform、てform | n/a | | (verb) and (verb) | |
| います | i ma su | | is/am/are (verb)ing | |
| ください | ku da sa i | | Please | |
| くださいませんか | ku da sa i ma se n ka | | Would you be able to | |
| くれませんか | ku re ma se n ka | | Can you | |
| （somebody に） ほしいです |
ho shi i de su | | I want somobody to (verb) | |
| もいいですか | mo i i de su ka | | May I | |
| はいけません | wa i ke ma se n | | must not | |
| しまいました | shi ma i ma shi ta | | verb(ed) |
|
Verb た Form +
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| たform + り、たform + り | n/a | | (verb) and (verb) | |
| ことがあります | ko to ga a ri ma su | | have (verb)ed |
|
| ほうがいいです | ho o ga i i de su | | had better | |
| ら | ra | | if | |
Verb Plain Form +
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning | ||
| かもしれません | ka mo shi re ma se n | | may | |
| からです | ka ra de su | | It is because | |
| ようです | yo o de su | | It seems that | |
